This Artwork Is an Example of What Style of Art? Marcus Arelius Statue
Equestrian Monument of Bartolommeo
Colleoni (c.1483-88) Venice
By Andrea del Verrocchio.
Characteristics: What is an Equestrian Statue?
In sculpture, the term "equestrian statue" describes a statue of a rider mounted on a horse. It derives from the Latin word "equus" (meaning "horse") from which nosotros get "eques" ("knight"). If the horse is riderless, the sculpture is normally called an "equine statue". Since popes, politicians and even some kings rarely rode horses, equestian statues typically portrayed military commanders or militaristic leaders. Horses are notoriously hard to return in either stone or bronze, and even the greatest sculptors experience technical difficulties of residuum and weight-support. However, there can exist few types of art as purple as the immortal equestrian statue of Richard the Lionheart (1856) by sculptor Baron Carlo Marochetti (1805-67), which stands outside the British parliament building, in London; or the imposing Monument to Peter The Great "The Statuary Horseman" (1778, St Petersburg) by Etienne-Maurice Falconet (1716-91). Amid the finest equine statues are the marble Horse Restrained by a Groom "The Marly Horse" (1739-45, Louvre, Paris) past Guillaume Coustou (1677-1746), and the bronze Horse with a Harrow (1878) by Pierre-Louis Rouillard, which stands outside the Musee d'Orsay in Paris. Equestrian reliefs are as well known: an example from Ancient Persian art is the Equestrian Statue of Khosrau II the last peachy ruler of the Sassanian Empire on his favourite horse, Shabdiz (c.650 CE, Kermanshah, Iran).
History of Equestrian Statues
The history of sculpture has known endless equestrian statues, although few survive from antiquity. One of the oldest examples of equestrian statuary in Greek sculpture is the Rampin Passenger or Rampin Horseman (c.550 BCE), unearthed on the Athenian acropolis. Featuring a kouros mounted on horseback, it exemplifies Greek Sculpture of the Primitive Period (600-480 BCE). Roman sculpture, being designed to showcase the power of Rome, included a large number of equestrian statues of Roman Emperors. Sadly, over the centuries, most have been melted down for church bells or money. Ane famous surviving example is the Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius (175 CE, Capitoline Museums). In traditional Chinese art, statues of rulers are quite uncommon, thus equestrian statues are extremely rare. Fifty-fifty the huge hoard of statues known as the Terracotta Regular army (c.246-208 BCE, Shaanxi province, China) has no statues of mounted riders.
During the Middle Ages - that is, during the era of Romanesque and Gothic sculpture - Christian fine art dominated. Sculptors and stone masons were too busy coping with the need for cathedral architectural sculpture to spare the time for equestrian monuments. There were exceptions, still, including: The Magdeburger Reiter (1240), a sandstone statue depicting Emperor Otto I and allegedly the first equestrian statue north of the Alps. Another historic medieval equestrian monument is the Bamberg Reiter (1225-37) at Bamberg Cathedral. The nigh celebrated wood etching of horse and passenger is Saint George and the Dragon (1489) by Bernt Notke (1489) located in the Swedish brick-Gothic Church of St. Nicholas (Storkyrkan) in Stockholm.
Equestrian statues were more popular in Renaissance art (1400-1530) in Italy. This was because of the involvement of Italian city states, like Florence, Mantua and Siena, whose leaders (the Medici family, Ludovico Gonzaga etc) needed commemorating in secular paintings and sculptures. Renaissance sculpture has two outstanding statues, both occupying important public spaces. First, there is the bronze Equestrian Statue of Gattamelata (1453), by Donatello (1386-1466), which stands in the Piazza del Santo in Padua. It is a portrait of the Renaissance condottiero (mercenary) Erasmo da Narni, known every bit "Gattamelata". In this work, Donatello was the commencement European sculptor to reintroduce the majesty of Classical equestrian portraiture. Less grand but more lively, is the gilded statuary Equestrian Monument of Bartolommeo Colleoni (c.1483-88) in the Campo dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice. Cast by the Florentine sculptor and goldsmith Andrea del Verrocchio (1435-88), it was paid for out of a substantial legacy left to Venice by Colleoni. Other similar works by Renaissance sculptors include the equestrian monuments to Sir John Hawkwood and that of Niccolo da Tolentino (both located in Florence Cathedral), and Titian's 1548 equestrian portrait of Charles V. The last major 16th century piece of work (Renaissance in field of study and location, classical in style) is the bronze equestrian statue of Cosimo I de' Medici (1598) by Giambologna (1529-1608), located in the Piazza della Signoria, Florence. Finished past Giambologna's banana Pietro Tacca (1577-1640), it was the first life-size statue to characteristic a ruler rather than a warlord.
During the era of Baroque sculpture, which coincided with the age of Absolutism, equestrian statues were very popular with rulers, notably in France. Louis 14, for instance, commissioned 1 for the Palace of Versailles, and another (by Francois Girardon) for the Place Vendome in Paris. Other examples include: the Equestrian Statue of Charles I of England (1633) past Hubert Le Sueur of 1633, which stands at Charing Cantankerous in London; and the Statue of King Jose I of Portugal (1760) in the Praca do Comercio, sculpted by Joaquim Machado de Castro.
Neoclassical sculpture features several fine equus caballus-and-rider monuments including: the Equestrian Statue of Joseph II (1795-1806), by Franz von Zauner (1746-1822), in the Josefplatz, Vienna; the Monument to Prince Jozef Poniatowski (1826-7) past Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770–1844), in Warsaw; and the Statue of Archduke Karl, Duke of Teschen (1860-65) on the Heldenplatz in Vienna, the largest equestrian sculpture in the earth with merely two support points. Simply perhaps the greatest neoclassical equestrian statue is The Bronze Horseman (1766-82), by Etienne Maurice Falconet (1716-1791), which stands in Decembrist Square, St Petersburg. This famous monument deputed by Catherine the Bully, which stands on the largest stone always moved by man (the Thunder Stone), is to St Petersburg what the Statue of Liberty is to New York.
Famous Mod Equestrian Monuments
During the era of modernistic art (c.1850-1960) equestrian sculpture gradually faded, equally horses were replaced past the motor motorcar. American sculptors produced a number of equestrian monuments such equally: Clark Mills' bronze of Andrew Jackson (1852), the first American sculpture to draw a rearing horse, located in Lafayette Square in Washington DC; and the statuary equestrian portrait of George Washington (1856) Union Square, New York. In London, meanwhile, the Italian-born French artist Businesswoman Carlo Marochetti sculpted the equestrian statue of Richard Coeur de King of beasts (1856, Palace of Westminster). In India, the Equestrian statue of Rani Lakshmibai (1890) - 1 of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 - was commemorated in a monument almost Shivranjini, Ahmedabad.
Equestrian works have been relative deficient during the 20th century, although quality remains loftier. An early outstanding work by a mod American sculptor was the Terminate of the Trail (1915, National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum, Oklahoma City) by James Earle Fraser (1876-1953). In 1950, the animalist Anna Hyatt Huntington (1876-1973) produced her fabulous aluminium Fighting Stallions, at present in Brookgreen Gardens, Murrells Inlet, S Carolina. In 1954, Juan Cristobal Gonzalez Quesada produced his evocative Statue of El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar 1043–1099), which now stands exterior the archway of Burgos Cathedral in Espana.
In recent years, gigantism has reared its head in the field of plastic fine art. The Genghis Khan Equestrian Statue at Tsonjin Boldog, non far from Ulan Bator, Mongolia, is currently the largest horse-and-passenger stone sculpture in the world. This will be overtaken shortly by the Crazy Horse Memorial, in Southward Dakota, USA, which will exist 641 feet (195 thou) in width and 563 feet (172 m) in meridian. The earth's largest equestrian bronzes are the Juan de Onate Statue (2006) in El Paso, Texas; and the Statue of Jan Zizka (1950) in Prague.
Equestrian monuments can be seen in some of the all-time art museums and sculpture gardens around the world.
Source: http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/sculpture/equestrian-statue.htm
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